Transformational Leadership

Yulk (1994: 11) says that the leadership is the process by which individuals influence other group members to achieve organizational goals. Meanwhile, according to Robbins (2001), leadership is a relationship between a person with another person. Leaders are able to influence others to willingly cooperate in the tasks related to achieving what is desired.

A research body in his research found several variations of models for understanding leadership. Some small details are very useful in theoretical research and find a Multifactor Model of Leadership, Bass, Yamarino, & Hater (in Corrigan, et.al 2002). In this model of transformational leadership proposed as an effective leader to help members of the group that is subordinate to change the shape of the program and develop the needs of their members. The purpose of transformational leadership is achieved through charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulant, and individual consideration to the interests of subordinates.

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Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is an individual contribution which exceeds tuntuntan role in the workplace and in the acquisition of performance-reward task. OCB involves behavior menolonh include behavior of others, to volunteer for extra assignments, adherence to rules and procedures in the workplace. This behavior indicates the existence of more value than employees.

Organ (1988) defines OCB as behavior of individuals who are free and are not directly related to the reward system and can improve the function afaktif organization. According to Organ (1990), organizational citizenship behavior consists of five key dimensions: altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness, courtesy, and sportsmanship. Some researchers have proposed variations of this framework, but this is the dimension of the five most commonly used in business literature (Organ & Ryan, 1995).

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Understanding Curriculum

The term "curriculum" has various interpretations formulated by experts in the field of curriculum development since the beginning until today. Interpretations are different from one another, according to the weight of the core and the view point of the experts concerned. The term curriculum comes from the latin discussed, namely "Curriculae", meaning the distance to be traveled by a runner. At that time, the notion of curriculum is a period of education that must be taken by students aiming to earn a diploma. By taking a curriculum, students can earn diplomas. In this case, a diploma in essence is a proof that the student has taken the form of curriculum lesson plans, as well as a runner has traveled a distance between one city to another and eventually reach the finish. In other words, a curriculum is considered as a very important bridge to reach the end point of a journey and is characterized by the acquisition of a specific diploma.

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Production Capacity

The meaning here is the production capacity jangkapanjang produksii capacity, the ability of the operating facilities for goods and services. Production capacity associated with costs to be incurred by the company to determine the amount of product produced dapata. If the high production capacity, the fixed costs incurred also great, if utilization is low, production costs will be expensive, so in order to determine the production capacity planning and research must be done first.

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Product Positioning

In the process always starts positioning product positioning. This opinion was expressed by Regis Mc Kenna (1985: 37), which also suggests the definition of product positioning  as follows: "The positioning process Should begin with the products themselves. To gain a strong product positioning, a company must differentiate its product from all other products on the market. The goal is to give theproduct a unique position in the market place. " From the above definition implies that the positioning process should begin with the product itself.

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Target Advertising

Research shows that many companies that target the advertising that can not be achieved if only by doing that advertising alone. For example, it is not unreasonable to set a goal "to convince us that the target market, our products are the best" if it has been clear to them that there are other products better. You can not blame you if the advertising agency that goal can not be achieved.

The first step is to decide a reasonable target advertising. Question to ask is: Is it possible to achieve a target simply by using advertising alone? If the answer is yes, then it is a marketing target. If the answer is no, then it is not a target for advertising.

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Understanding Mechanisms And Market Price

Understanding demand and supply, including the analytical tools developed by economists to better understand the process of economic tetjadi in society. In this section will discuss understanding the demand (Demand), supply (Supply), and the interaction between the two which together form the price (Price) on the market (Market).

The emphasis is how the relationship between the amount of goods bought or sold a man, and the price of that, what causes price changes, and how the reactions of buyers and sellers when there are price changes. With the help of this understanding, hopefully you can better understand how keerja price system and market economy in solving basic problems.

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